Strenuous efforts were made to keep the Forum (and the Palatine structures) intact, not without some success. In the 6th century some of the old edifices within the Forum began to be transformed into Christian churches. There were also sections of the Temple for public speaking events and feasts which often followed the sacrifices.[52]. Die Gebäude auf dem Forum Romanum können grob in drei Gebäudetypen eingeteilt werden, die ganz unterschiedlichen Zwecken dienten: - Tempel und andere religiöse Bauten - Politisch genutzte Bauten und - Wirtschaftlich genutzte und bedeutsame Gebäude. Rostra (Plural von lateinisch rostrum, Schiffsschnabel) war im antiken Rom die Bezeichnung für mehrere Rednerplattformen auf dem Forum Romanum. This structure was identified by Rodolfo Lanciani as the Basilica Julia, but the name could have applied to any structure in the western section of the Forum, often called the Canapare or Cannapara. The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Italian: Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Kategorie:  Alle    Länder der Erde     Europa     Italien     Rom     Forum Romanum - Foro Romano. 4) 14-17 Abb. Excavated sequences of remains of paving show that sediment eroded from the surrounding hills was already raising the level in early Republican times. Die Monumente lassen sich grob in drei unterschiedlichen Zwec… [17] (Remarkably, this level of the paving was maintained more or less intact for over a millennium: at least until the sack of Rome by Robert Guiscard and his Normans in 1084, when neglect finally allowed debris to begin to accumulate unabated. [23] The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) was the last of the great builders of Rome's city infrastructure and he did not omit the Forum from his program. } The reign of Constantine the Great saw the completion of the construction of the Basilica of Maxentius (312 AD), the last significant expansion of the Forum complex. Choose one of the available sizes to fit every display size. ... Im krassen Gegensatz dazu wurden erste Bemuehungen gemacht, die urspruengliche Funktion und Gestalt des Forums zu deuten. [44], In 2008 heavy rains caused structural damage to the modern concrete covering holding the "Black Stone" marble together over the Lapis Niger in Rome. The Senate House, government offices, tribunals, temples, memorials and statues gradually cluttered the area. Er befand sich hinter dem Caesar- und Dioskurentempel. The populated areas contracted to the river. [13], The 5th century BC witnessed the earliest Forum temples with known dates of construction: the Temple of Saturn (497 BC) and the Temple of Castor and Pollux (484 BC). Baccelli. Kunst und Kultur der Ewigen Stadt. By the Imperial period, the large public buildings that crowded around the central square had reduced the open area to a rectangle of about 130 by 50 meters. Vom Forum Romanum ist mir ein solcher Tempel auch nicht bekannt, wohl aber vom Kapitol, wie hier bereits erwähnt.Er hieß Juno Moneta, und hier kannst du mal… Later Tullus Hostilius (r. 673–642 BC) enclosed the Comitium around the old Etruscan temple where the senate would meet at the site of the Sabine conflict. .MemberOfSeitenstark { Lavish public banquets ensued back down on the Forum. width: 300px; Eventually much economic and judicial business would transfer away from the Forum Romanum to the larger and more extravagant structures (Trajan's Forum and the Basilica Ulpia) to the north. Hier hatte der Senat seinen Sitz und wurden die Volksversammlungen abgehalten. [38] Between 1431-62 the huge travertine wall between the Senate House and the Forum of Caesar adjoining the Forum Romanum was demolished by grant of Eugenius IV, followed by the demolition of the Templum Sacrae Urbis (1461-2), the Temple of Venus and Rome (1450), and the House of the Vestals (1499), all by papal license. starb, präsentierte sich das Forum Romanum in einem grundlegend neuen Erscheinungsbild. The Forum Romanum suffered some of its worst depredations during the Italian Renaissance, particularly in the decade between 1540 and 1550, when Pope Paul III exploited it intensively for material to build the new Saint Peter's Basilica. Events taking place in the Forum included: 1. ist Doof da ich die abnehmbare AHK abgenommen habe und nun beim Einparken mir die Funktion fehlt. Archaeological finds show human activity at that level with the discovery of carbonized wood. Here statues and monuments commemorated the city's great men. The Temple of Saturn was one of the more significant buildings located in the Roman Forum. Let us know what you enjoyed most or give us valuable advice to improve visits! Actiumbogen, Augustusbogen auf dem Forum Romanum in Rom, Italien, erbaut 29 v. Chr. : The Roman Forum. A Forum Romanum vagy, ahogy a rómaiak gyakrabban nevezték Forum Magnum (a mai Campo di Vaccino) az ókori Róma fő köztere, a Capitolium és Palatinus domb közötti tér volt, mely a kereskedelmi és politikai világ érintkezőhelyének számított. position: relative; DuMont, Köln 1975, ISBN 3-7701-0707-1, S. 32–39. Jh. [47] The eight remaining columns are all that is left of the illustrious temple. ist der Sinn eines Forums der folgende: „Folgende öffentliche Gebäude sollten am Forum stehen: Eine Halle für das Gericht, die Börse und der Markt, welche bei ungünstiger Witterung die Funktion des Platzes übernehmen. The return of Pope Urban V from Avignon in 1367 led to an increased interest in ancient monuments, partly for their moral lesson and partly as a quarry for new buildings being undertaken in Rome after a long lapse. Das Forum Romanum Allgemein: Nach dem Schriftsteller Vitruv (27 v. First arch of Augustus in the Roman Forum Drawing of the Arch of Augustus Arch of Augustus present Maps, Paintings and Drawings . He is said to have converted that temple into the Curia Hostilia close to where the Senate originally met in an old Etruscan hut. The Bull of 1425 strengthened the powers of the maestri in protecting the ruins, but in conferring papal authority the Vatican essentially brought the maestri under its control and away from the independence of the Conservators. Kovac, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 3-8300-3397-4. Leave a comment below to inspire future travelers. The arch closed the Forum's central area. [8], As the ground around buildings rose, residents simply paved over the debris that was too much to remove. [51], Inside the Temple there were multiple vaults for the public and private ones for individuals. The deepest level excavated was 3.60 meters above sea level. Der Ort, der über Jahrhunderte hinweg der Mittelpunkt der römischen - und damit der bekannten - Welt war: Das Forum Romanum. Im Laufe dieser Zeit kam es zu einer Verlagerung der Funktion des Forums. Coordinates: 41°53′32″N 12°29′07″E / 41.8922°N 12.4852°E / 41.8922; 12.4852. [14] The Temple of Concord was added in the following century, possibly by the soldier and statesman Marcus Furius Camillus. Der Tempel ist dem Typus Tholos zugeordnet. Wieder war der Platz in seiner räumlichen Inszenierung neu erfunden worden – und dies in Ausmaßen, wie sie ähnlich einschneidend zuvor nur unter Augustus erfolgt waren (s. Augustus II). [21] Almost two years later, Marc Antony added to the notoriety of the Rostra by publicly displaying the severed head and right hand of his enemy Cicero there. From then on only two authorities in Rome had the power to issue such licenses: the Vatican and the Conservators. Claude Lorrain's 1636 Campo Vaccino shows the extent to which the building in the forum were buried under sediment. These state-funded excavations were led by Dr. Giacomo Boni until he died in 1925, stopping briefly during World War I. Notable artists of the Forum include Maerten van Heemskerck, Pirro Ligorio, Canaletto, Claude Lorrain, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Hubert Robert, J.M.W. Hier befanden sich Marktstände und Buden, die Geschäfte des Alltags wurden abgewickelt. Bögen, die mit dem Namen des Kaisers Augustus verbunden wurden: Bogen von Orange, auch Augustusbogen von … Especially notable is Giambattista Piranesi who created (1748–76) a set of 135 etchings—the Vedute di Roma (Views of Rome)—in which the Forum figured significantly. 38) 310f. )[18], In 78 BC, the immense Tabularium (Records Hall) was built at the Capitoline Hill end of the Forum by order of the consuls for that year, M. Aemilius Lepidus and Q. Lutatius Catulus. Forum Romanum (latin för "det romerska torget", på italienska Foro Romano) var i det antika Rom ett torg som utgjorde ett politisk, socialt, religiöst och juridiskt centrum. Gladiator matches (before the Colosseum was built) 5. By the 8th century the whole space was surrounded by Christian churches taking the place of the abandoned and ruined temples.[26]. Turner painted Modern Rome – Campo Vaccino in 1839, following his final trip to the city. Köb, Ingrun, Rom – ein Stadtzentrum im Wandel. Forum Romanum bylo v dobách antického Říma centrum veřejného dění ve městě i v říši. (Many of the features documented in Piranesi's views have now vanished.). Roman Forum, Latin Forum Romanum, most important forum in ancient Rome, situated on low ground between the Palatine and Capitoline hills. This new Forum, in what proved to be its final form, then served as a revitalized city square where the people of Rome could gather for commercial, political, judicial and religious pursuits in ever greater numbers. Criminal trials 4. In ihm brannte das Heilige Feuer der Vesta, das von den sechs Vestalinnen bewacht wurde. Auf dem Forum wurde zu Zeiten der Republik im Senat große Politik gemacht, von hier aus wurde das Imperium erobert, hier befanden sich … Torget är beläget mellan kullarna Capitolium, Palatinen och den lägre Velia.Ena änden av torget sluttar svagt ner från Palatinen. von der Medienwerkstatt Mühlacker produziert, Copyright © 2004-2020 Medienwerkstatt Mühlacker Verlagsges. float: none; [36] This dual, overlapping authority was recognized in 1462 by a Bull of Pius II. v.Chr. [11] The original Forum functioned as an open-air market abutting on the Comitium, but eventually outgrew its day-to-day shopping and marketplace role. P. Zanker, Augustus und die Macht der Bilder (München 1987) 61-65. Forum Romanum Schon im Mittelalter wurden ueber das Forum Romanum die sagenhaftesten Legenden erzaehlt. Turner and many others. A tribune known as Caius Licinius (consul in 361 BC) is said to have been the first to turn away from the elite towards the Forum, an act symbolically repeated two centuries later by Gaius Gracchus.[15]. He also reconstructed the rostra at each end of the Forum and added columns.[23]. [citation needed], Rome's second king, Numa Pompilius (r. 715–673 BC), is said to have begun the cult of Vesta, building its house and temple as well as the Regia as the city's first royal palace. Um 310 n.Chr. Educational events 10. This, along with the debris from the dismantled medieval buildings and ancient structures, helped contribute to the rising ground level.[27]. [28] Monuments which fell victim to dismantling and the subsequent burning of their materials for lime included the remains of the Arch of Augustus, the Temple of Caesar, parts of the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, the Temple of Vesta, the steps and foundation of the Temple of Castor and Pollux, and the Regia. Roman Forum Map Interactive map and PDF to download. .style1 {font-size: 12px} This began the tradition of locus popularis, in which even young nobles were expected to speak to the people from the Rostra. The Roman Kingdom's earliest shrines and temples were located on the southeastern edge. From about 1740 to his death in 1772, the artist Giovanni Battista Piranesi worked on a series of 135 etchings depicting 18th-century Rome. [41], The Roman Forum was a site for many artists and architects studying in Rome to sketch during the 17th through the 19th century. After the 8th century the structures of the Forum were dismantled, re-arranged and used to build feudal towers and castles within the local area. The focus of many of these works produced by visiting Northern artists was on current state of the Roman Forum, known locally as the "Campo Vaccino", or "cow field", due to the livestock who grazed on the largely ignored section of the city. In the 13th century these rearranged structures were torn down and the site became a dumping ground. After Julius Caesar's death, and the end of the subsequent Civil Wars, Augustus would finish his great-uncle's work, giving the Forum its final form. Excavations were officially begun in 1898 by the Italian government under the Minister of Public Instruction, Dr. [7] Because of its location, sediments from both the flooding of the Tiber and the erosion of the surrounding hills have been raising the level of the Forum floor for centuries. Download the Map of Roman Forum in PDF. Es reicht von den Bauten unterhalb des Kapitols im Westen bis zur Veliagenannten Höhe mit dem Titusbogen und dem Tempel der Venus und der Roma im Osten, ist also etwa doppelt so groß wie der eigentliche antike „Marktplatz“.
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